Bên cạnh HƯỚNG DẪN TỪNG BƯỚC CÁCH LÀM BÀI TẬP MẪU IELTS READING DẠNG FILL IN THE GAP, IELTS TUTOR cung cấp Cách dùng "down" tiếng anh
I. Giới thiệu chung
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
- Down có thể được dùng với những chức năng ngữ pháp sau:
- Dùng down như giới từ (preposition) - theo sau là danh từ
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: She was walking down the street.
- Dùng down như trạng từ (adverb) - theo sau không phải là danh từ
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: She lay down and fell asleep.
- Dùng sau động từ ‘to be’
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Oil prices are down.
- Dùng down như tính từ (adjective)
- IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: I’ve been feeling rather down lately.
- Dùng down như giới từ (preposition) - theo sau là danh từ
II. Cách dùng
1. Dùng "down" như giới từ
1.1. Mang nghĩa"đi xuống"
=To go down something such as a slope or a pipe means to go towards the ground or to a lower level.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- We're going down a mountain.
- A man came down the stairs to meet them.
- The tears began flooding down her cheeks.
- She went down to the kitchen again.
- down the hill (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: xuống đồi)
- down the river (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: xuôi dòng sông)
- down the wind (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: xuôi gió)
- to go down the road (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: đi xuôi dọc theo con đường)
- She sat on the window seat until they climbed down from the roof.
- Any unauthorized war planes flying in the area are to be shot down.
1.2. Mang nghĩa"dưới, thấp hơn"
=If you are a particular distance down something, you are that distance below the top or surface of it.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- He managed to cling on to a ledge 40ft down the rock face.
- to live somewhere down the street (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: ở đâu đó dưới phố)
- The union leader was last night staging a protest vigil 400 yards down a mineshaft.
- For the last 18 months miners have cut a face to develop a new shaft 400 metres down.
1.3. Mang nghĩa"đi dọc theo, men theo"
=If you go or look down something such as a road or river, you go or look along it. If you are down a road or river, you are somewhere along it.
IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
- go down sth
- look down sth
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- They set off at a jog up one street and down another.
- Karl looked down the street.
- She lives a few miles down the road at Burnham.
- ...sailing down the river on a barge.
1.4. Mang nghĩa"ở nơi nào đó, đi về nơi nào đó"
=If you are down a place, you are at that place. If you go down a place, you go to that place.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- Some people consider this to be non-standard.
- People are down the pub, getting drunk.
- We got in the car and went down the supermarket and started buying food.
2. Dùng "down" như trạng từ
2.1. Mang nghĩa"phía dưới"
=You use down to say that you are looking or facing in a direction that is towards the ground or towards a lower level.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- She was still looking down at her papers.
- She put her head down, her hands over her face.
- He bent down and picked up a rock
2.2. Mang nghĩa"đặt xuống"
=If you put something down, you put it onto a surface.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- Danny put down his glass.
- After two rings I put down the phone.
- He laid his knife down.
2.3. Mang nghĩa"đi tận đến... (ngụ ý là phải đi đâu xa nơi trung tâm, từ nơi trung tâm về...)"
=If you are travelling to a particular place, you can say that you are going down to that place, especially if you are going towards the south or to a lower level of land.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- I went down to L.A. all the way from Seattle.
- I have seen him walking down to the shops a mile or so away.
- I'll take you back down to the valley.
- to sail down with the wind (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: căng buồm xuôi theo chiều gió)
- from the XVIIIth century down to the present time (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: từ thế kỷ 18 cho đến tận ngày nay)
- ...holidaymakers coming down here in the summer.
2.4. Mang nghĩa"giảm, hạ"
=If an amount of something goes down, it decreases. If an amount of something is down, it has decreased and is at a lower level than it was.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- Interest rates came down today.
- Inflation will be down to three percent.
- My weight went down to seventy pounds.
- My department had a healthy interest in keeping expenses down.
- The Dow Jones industrial average is down 5 points at 2,913.
- ...with hotel occupation down by around half.
3. Dùng "down" như tính từ
3.1. Mang nghĩa"không vui"
=unhappy; unable to feel excited or energetic about anything
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- She's been really down since her husband left.
- I've been (feeling) a little bit down this week.
3.2. Mang nghĩa"bị hư"
=(of a system or machine, especially a computer) not in operation or not working, usually only for a limited period of time
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- The network will be down for an hour for routine maintenance.
- The whole system's gone down.
4. Các cụm từ với "down"
4.1. do bởi
=If a situation is down to a particular person or thing, it has been caused by that person or thing.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- Any mistakes are entirely down to us.
- That's down to pure hard work.
4.2. chuẩn bị làm gì đó
=If someone or something is down for a particular thing, it has been arranged that they will do that thing, or that thing will happen.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- Mark had told me that he was down for an interview.
- ...derelict houses that were down for demolition.
4.3. mắc bệnh
=If you are down with an illness, you have that illness.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- ..a little girl down with that nasty bout of measles.
4.4. trả tiền mặt
=If you pay money down on something, you pay part of the money you owe for it.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
- He paid 20 percent down.
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